ABSTRACT
Purpose Methods Results Discussion and Conclusion The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of grief, social support, as well as spirituality on the depressive symptoms of older adults in assisted living in Kansas. This study tested three hypotheses: a high level of grief will be related to a high level of depressive symptoms;high levels of social support (family, friends, and significant persons) will be associated with a low level of depressive symptoms;and high levels of spiritual experience and coping will be associated with a low level of depressive symptoms.This study recruited 316 older adult residents aged 65 or over from seven assisted living facilities in Kansas. This cross-sectional survey was done by face-to-face interviews using the purposive sampling method. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the three sets of variables in relation to depressive symptoms: socio-demographics, social support factors, and spiritual factors.Participants' mean age was 82.6 years, ranging from 65 to 102;70.9% were female. Married participants consisted of 18.7%, and over 64% were widowed. Hierarchical multivariate regression results indicated that a high level of grief was significantly related to a high level of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, high levels of social support from friends and spiritual coping were significantly associated with a low level of depressive symptoms.Assisted living facilities may consider developing appropriate bereavement, social support, and spiritual intervention programs, which will alleviate the depression issues of older adult residents after the COVID-19 pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work (2640-8066) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)